The Taj Mahal is a beautiful tomb and architectural marvel located in Agra, India. It was built in the 17th century by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in honor of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned worldwide for its beauty and historical significance, attracting numerous visitors each year.
[Architectural Style]
The Taj Mahal is a prime example of Indo-Islamic architecture, blending Persian, Indian, and Islamic elements harmoniously.
- Marble: The structure is primarily made of white marble, quarried from the Makrana mines located about 300 km north of Agra.
- Symmetry: Every aspect of the Taj Mahal is symmetrically designed, achieving perfect balance.
- Decoration: Both the interior and exterior feature intricate decorations, including Islamic arabesque patterns, floral designs, and calligraphy.
[Main Structures]
- Main Building: At the center of the Taj Mahal is the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, which is covered by a beautiful dome that reaches approximately 73 meters in height.
- Four Minarets: Surrounding the central dome are four minarets, which not only maintain the architectural balance of the Taj Mahal but also serve a practical purpose. Each minaret tilts slightly outward, designed to protect the dome in the event of an earthquake.
- Garden: In front of the Taj Mahal lies a vast and beautiful garden, designed in the Persian Chaharbagh style. A long water channel runs through the center, reflecting the image of the Taj Mahal.
[Historical Background]
- Construction Period: Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and was completed in 1653, involving around 20,000 workers and artists.
- Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal: The Taj Mahal was built in memory of Shah Jahan’s third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died while giving birth to their 14th child. Grieving her loss, Shah Jahan decided to construct this monumental tribute.
[Preservation Status]
While the Taj Mahal has been well-preserved over the centuries, it has faced some damage due to environmental pollution and increased tourism. The Indian government and various international organizations have taken measures to protect and preserve it.
The Taj Mahal is widely celebrated as a symbol of love and devotion, and its artistic and architectural value continues to inspire and move people today.